NEW IN VERSION 2 Version 2 of ouch represents a major revision. ouch's capabilities have been substantially extended. In particular, o support is now provided for multivariate characters. Inference based on multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and multivariate Brownian motion models is now provided. o nonultrametric trees are supported. o the root character state need no longer be estimated. Instead, the root state is assumed to be distributed according to the stationary distribution of the OU process. o convenience functions for parametric bootstrap confidence intervals are provided. o the new function 'paint' simplifies the specification of adaptive regimes in complex phylogenies. o the new function 'ape2ouch' translates trees in the 'phylo' format of the ape package into 'ouchtree' format (thanks to Dan Ackerly). The new package is a complete rewrite, using S4 classes. The old functionality from ouch v. 1 remains available, but is now deprecated.